Bolted Faults vs Arcing Faults: The missing link in achieving better electrical safety
Protection coordination studies and arc flash hazard analyses are both essential for electrical safety. While they serve different technical...
Relay protection is the backbone of any energy system, acting as a safeguard against faults and disturbances that could lead to downtime, damage, or even catastrophic failures. By swiftly detecting abnormalities and isolating affected components, relay protection minimizes interruptions to the flow of power and ensures the safety of both personnel and assets. In today’s interconnected and dynamic energy landscape, the importance of reliable relay protection cannot be overstated. From preventing blackouts to minimizing operational disruptions, relay protection is essential for maintaining grid stability, optimizing asset performance, and safeguarding investments.
Our highly specialized consultants offer extensive experience in power system protection to distribution, transmission and industrial networks, including generation connections for thermal and hydro plants, solar, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and both onshore and offshore wind farms.

Fault analysis using DIgSILENT or other power system modeling software
Preparation of protection key line diagrams
Preparation of technical specifications
Owner’s engineer roles for protection system design review
Protection design review
System modeling and protection grading studies
Preparation of protection policies
Tender assessment
Calculation of protection relay settings
Concept and detail design
Witnessing of factory testing
Commissioning supervision
Strategic advice on protection integration and asset management planning
Protection grid interface compliance assessment
Arc flash assessment studies
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Experienced engineers with extensive global experience in multi-vendor power network projects at all voltage levels
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Tailored protection solutions to meet the unique needs and challenges of each project
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End-to-end services from consultation and design to commissioning supervision and ongoing support for optimal system performance
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Knowledge of system operators’ frameworks, regional networks, and international standards and practices
PSC were commissioned to undertake the production of relay settings for feeders and generator transformer circuits and busbar protection for the new GIS substation. Scope involved seeking National Grid approval of settings and loading them into their online repository.
PSC were engaged to provide protection and control design support across voltages from 33 kV to 400 kV for a period of up to one year to cover for staff temporary absence. The work covered all aspects of protection and control for ongoing projects, connection costing, policy updates, etc across the client’s business.
Update of policy documents, production of scope documents for Load Management Schemes to protect the network in areas with numerous distributed generation connections, input to costing for Load Management Schemes, and attendance at site visits where required.
PSC were engaged to undertake protection design modifications and relay settings associated with four 275/132 kV supergrid transformers.
Preparation of relay settings for new relays and assessment of settings for existing relays affected by changes to instrument transformers. Approval of relay settings in accordance with TSO processes and submission into their web-based system.
PSC was engaged to review the existing generator and its relevant plant protection schemes to ensure the settings and performance comply with the proposed Generator Performance Standards as well as the National Electricity Rules Requirements.
PSC also carried out protection gap analysis by assessing internal protection standards and existing protection schemes to identify protection coverage risks as well as reliability risks.
PSC was engaged to provide protection studies and protection settings for BESS facilities that grade with the upstream NSP protection device.
PSC was engaged to review the existing protection schemes and settings to achieve operational plant stability. Works included a review of the protection single line diagram, fault study, protection settings and logic block diagrams.
PSC were engaged to produce protection keyline diagrams as part of FEED process for two new SGT tertiary winding connected solar farms.
Review of factory and site acceptance test documentation for protection and control and SCADA systems (onshore and offshore) to see that sufficient evidence exists to establish that suitable processes were undertaken prior to putting into service and identify any shortfalls for follow-up.
PSC developed multiple system models in DIgSILENT Power Factory and delivered protection settings analysis to report any changes necessary to improve protection system performance and to provide appropriate coordination between different protection devices.
Protection coordination studies and arc flash hazard analyses are both essential for electrical safety. While they serve different technical...
Arc flash is a significant electrical hazard resulting from electrical arcs, which has caused severe burns, injuries, fatalities among electrical...
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Within the domain of relay protection, where ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical networks is paramount, compliance with regulatory...
In the realm of modern power systems, the integration of microprocessor-based relays from various vendors can present a considerable challenge for...
In this series of short technical articles, we look at various topics that illustrate the complexity of renewables as a concept within the ongoing...